When Did the Holy Spirit Leave the Art of the Covenant in the Old Testament
Detail of Creation Windows, Our Lady of Lourdes Catholic Church, Columbia, Missouri.
We'll begin our study past exploring what the Onetime Testament teaches us most the Holy Spirit. Indeed, the Holy Spirit is in that location at the very beginning:
"one In the start God created the heavens and the world. two Now the world was formless and empty, darkness was over the surface of the deep, and the Spirit of God was hovering over the waters." (Genesis 1:ane-2)
Incidentally, it's important to sympathise that "Spirit" is synonymous with the "Spirit of God," "Christ's Spirit," and the "Holy Spirit." They are all one and the same Spirit.
"The Spirit of God" in poetry 2 could just as well be translated "the Wind of God," because the Hebrew word ruach can mean either "spirit" or "current of air." Depending upon the translation, the Spirit is "hovering" or "moving" over the waters, perchance equally an deed of cosmos (Psalm 33:six; 104:xxx; Job 33:4; Ezekiel 37:9).[2]
The Spirit is active in many ways in the Old Testament, merely I want to consider a few detail incidents as we begin to delve into this discipline.
The Spirit Comes Upon Individuals
It'southward important to observe that in the One-time Testament that the Spirit isn't universal. He doesn't indwell everyone. Rather the Spirit "comes upon" or "fills" only specific people for a special service. For example:
- Bezalel is "filled" with the Spirit of God to develop and execute creative design for the Tabernacle (Exodus 31:2; 35:31).
- The 70 Elders receive some of the Spirit of God[3] that is on Moses (Numbers eleven:17, 25).
- Gideon is able to deliver Israel because "the Spirit of the Lord came upon Gideon" (Judges half dozen:34), besides equally upon other judges (Judges 3:10; eleven:29).
- Sampson performs feats of forcefulness when the Spirit of the Lord comes upon him (Judges 13:25; 14:six, 19; 15:fourteen).
- Prophets prophesy when the Spirit of God comes upon them (2 Chronicles xv:i; xx:fourteen; 24:twenty; Joel two:28-29; Luke 2:25).
The Spirit upon Saul (1 Samuel ten)
It is especially instructive to consider the office of the Holy Spirit in the lives of Saul and David. In 1 Samuel 8, the Lord tells the prophet Samuel to bless a rex over the people of State of israel. In chapter 9 God identifies Saul as his selection of rex to Samuel. Later several other events, Samuel of a sudden anoints Saul rex, to the young man's surprise.
"Samuel took a flask of oil and poured information technology on Saul's head and kissed him, proverb, 'Has not the LORD anointed you leader over his inheritance?'" (one Samuel ten:one)
Then Samuel tells Saul of a serial of people he will see, which culminates in a procession of prophets. Samuel explains:
"6 The Spirit of the LORD will come upon you in ability, and you will prophesy with them; and you will be changed into a different person.... ix As Saul turned to leave Samuel, God changed Saul's heart, and all these signs were fulfilled that day. 10 When they arrived at Gibeah, a procession of prophets met him; the Spirit of God came upon him in ability, and he joined in their prophesying." (i Samuel ten:nine-10)
The Holy Spirit changes Saul and transforms him into a person who can human action in ability to deliver Israel (1 Samuel 11:6). He reigns for a long time, but gradually stops depending upon God and stops being conscientious to obey God. After one clear act of defiance, Samuel says to him:
" 13 You acted foolishly.... You lot have not kept the control the LORD your God gave you; if you lot had, he would have established your kingdom over Israel for all fourth dimension. xiv Only at present your kingdom volition not endure; the LORD has sought out a man after his own middle and appointed him leader of his people, because you have not kept the LORD's command." (1 Samuel xiii:13-14)
We're told, "The LORD was grieved that he had made Saul rex over Israel" (1 Samuel 15:35)
The Spirit on David (1 Samuel 16)
Now the Lord says to Samuel: "Fill your horn with oil and be on your style; I am sending you to Jesse of Bethlehem. I have chosen one of his sons to be king" (1 Samuel xvi:1). Every bit yous may recall, Jesse lines up each of his sons, simply none of them is the called one. Finally, David is called in from watching the sheep. When he arrives, the Lord speaks to Samuel:
" 12b 'Rising and anoint him; he is the ane.' 13 So Samuel took the horn of oil and anointed him in the presence of his brothers, and from that day on the Spirit of the LORD came upon David in ability.... 14 Now the Spirit of the LORD had departed from Saul...." (ane Samuel 16:12b-14a)
All of David'due south life thereafter is infused with the Spirit. The psalms written by David are non but prophetic (Acts i:16; four:25; Matthew 12:36; 22:43), but also a tape of David's love for and personal human relationship with the Lord.
"O God, you are my God,
earnestly I seek y'all;
my soul thirsts for you,
my body longs for you,
in a dry and weary land
where there is no water.
I have seen you in the sanctuary
and beheld your power and your glory.
Because your beloved is ameliorate than life,
my lips volition glorify y'all.
I will praise you equally long as I live,
and in your name I will elevator upward my hands." (Psalm 63:1-4)
The personal relationship David has with God is considering the Spirit of God has come upon him and the presence of the Spirit with David. Others know of God, and know him at some level, merely David knows him personally and intimately through the Spirit.
When David repents from his sin apropos Bathsheba and Uriah (2 Samuel 12:13), he pleads with God confronting whom he has sinned:
"Exercise non cast me from your presence
or take your Holy Spirit from me." (Psalm 51:xi)
For David, the Holy Spirit brings God's precious presence. Without the Holy Spirit, David would be bereft of the wonderful relationship he has with God.
Praise God! Under the New Covenant, God doesn't withhold his Spirit in this way. He disciplines us but does not forsake usa (Hebrews 13:5). Sometimes we are agape that because we have sinned, because accept grieved the Spirit (Ephesians 4:30), that he volition withdraw God'south presence from us and forsake us. The very fact that you long to restore your human relationship with God shows that God has non left you lot. It is the Spirit within you drawing y'all back (John half-dozen:44).
To assistance you lot internalize and apply what you are learning from this study, I accept included several Word Questions in each lesson. These are designed to assistance you call back virtually and ponder the nigh of import points. Don't skip these. It is all-time to write out your answers, whether you lot postal service them or not. However, you can post your answers -- and read what others take written -- by going to the online forum past clicking on the URL beneath each question. (Before you can post your reply the starting time time, yous will demand to register. You can find instructions at http://www.joyfulheart.com/forums/instructions.htm
Q1. (1 Samuel 16:xiii; Psalm 51:11) What is the primary purpose of God putting his Spirit upon selected individuals in the Sometime Testament? What result does the Spirit seem to have upon their relationship with God?
http://www.joyfulheart.com/forums/topic/1784-q1-the-spirit-upon/
The Spirit on Moses
The Spirit of God too rests on Moses (Numbers 11:16-17, 25). The Spirit is the key to his relationship with God, every bit well equally his ability to atomic number 82
Moreover, God'south presence with the people by his Sprit is the reason for their uniqueness (Numbers eleven:25). When the people worship the golden calf, God is aroused. He volition forgive, but says he will send an angel instead of his ain Presence.
Moses pleads with God:
"You have been telling me, 'Lead these people,' merely you take not permit me know whom you will send with me...." 14 The LORD replied, "My Presence volition become with you, and I will requite you rest." xv Then Moses said to him, "If your Presence does not get with us, exercise not send us up from here. 16 How will anyone know that you lot are pleased with me and with your people unless you get with u.s.? What else will distinguish me and your people from all the other people on the confront of the earth?" (Exodus 33:12, 14-16)
This invisible Presence of God, manifested in the colonnade of cloud by mean solar day and the pillar of fire past dark, is the Holy Spirit (Isaiah 63:11). The Spirit is upon Moses personally, just with the people Moses is leading.
The Spirit Enables Moses' Human relationship with God
I of the beautiful pictures of Moses is his intimate human relationship with God. Prior to the construction of the Tabernacle, Moses erects a "tent of meeting" exterior the camp where he comes to seek God (Exodus 33:7-11). Later Moses seeks God in the newly-completed Tabernacle (Numbers 7:89). In these places, Moses encounters God in such deep, personal ways that he returns visibly inverse.
"The LORD would speak to Moses face up to face up, as a man speaks with his friend." (Exodus 33:11a)
When Moses converses with God, his face comes to glow with God'southward glory, causing him to put a veil over his face when with people, so as not to disturb them too much (Exodus 34:29-35; 2 Corinthians three:13). Along the same lines, though the give-and-take "Spirit" is not used in the Bible in relation to Abraham, I take no uncertainty that the Spirit upon him enables him to accept faith and become a Friend of God (2 Chronicles xx:seven; Isaiah 41:8; James 2:23).
The Spirit upon the 70 Elders (Numbers 11:16-17, 25)
Nosotros learn more about the Holy Spirit every bit we await at a wonderful passage in Numbers -- laced with a bit of humor, if you can meet information technology. Moses is overburdened and needs others to help carry his load.
"16 The LORD said to Moses: 'Bring me 70 of Israel's elders who are known to you as leaders and officials among the people. Have them come to the Tent of Meeting, that they may stand there with you lot. 17 I will come up down and speak with you lot there, and I volition take of the Spirit[4] that is on yous and put [the Spirit] on them. They will help y'all carry the burden of the people so that you volition not have to carry it alone.'" (Numbers eleven:16-17, NIV, 1984 edition)
The Holy Spirit is the undercover of Moses' relationship with God, and his power to lead.
"Then the LORD came downward in the deject and spoke with him, and he took of the Spirit that was on him and put [the Spirit] on the seventy elders. When the Spirit rested on them, they prophesied, only they did not practice so again." (Numbers 11:25)
Hither (and with Saul to a higher place) you can run into that prophecy and the Holy Spirit have a connexion. In that location'due south a like connection in the New Testament (Acts 2:17-18; 19:six, which nosotros'll consider more deeply in Lesson 8). In this passage, the seventy elders "prophesied, but they did not do then again." In other words, prophecy occurs here as an initial experience. They don't go gifted prophets; rather, their gift is to atomic number 82 God's people and to administrate justice.
When a couple of the elders don't get to the commission meeting at the Tabernacle, the Spirit falls on them right there in the camp. Joshua is offended and reports them to Moses to stop them. I encounter Moses smiling and replying, "I wish that all the LORD'south people were prophets and that the LORD would put his Spirit on them!" (Numbers eleven:29).
Q2. (Numbers xi:16-29) What enables the 70 Elders to lead the people? What happens when the Holy Spirit comes upon them? Why does Moses long for the Spirit to come upon all God'south people?
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The Spirit at the Shut of the Old Attestation Era
Consider these iii eras of the Spirit:
- Prior to Jesus' ministry
- During Jesus' ministry, when the Holy Spirit is upon him
- Pentecost and beyond
Several people have the Spirit upon them during the transition time right before the Messiah is revealed:
- Mary, Jesus' female parent -- "The Holy Spirit will come upon yous and the power of the Most High will overshadow yous..." (Luke 1:35).
- Elizabeth, John the Baptist's mother (Luke i:41).
- Zechariah, John the Baptist's father (Luke 1:67).
- John the Baptist himself (Luke 1:15), who is "filled with the Holy Spirit even from nascency" (Luke ane:15).
- Simeon (Luke 2:25-27).
- Anna (Luke ii:36-38).
These final two meet the Holy Family in the Temple at Jesus' dedication. Simeon is identified as "righteous and devout ... and the Holy Spirit was upon him." The Spirit reveals things to him and moves him so that he meets upward with the Holy Family (Luke 2:25-27). The Spirit is certainly at the root of the deep communion that Simeon enjoys with God. Though the Spirit isn't specifically mentioned in regards to Anna, it is obvious that she, besides, is led by the Spirit to encounter the Holy Family and enjoys a deep love for God, enabled by the Spirit (Luke 2:36-38).
To summarize, in the Old Testament era, the Holy Spirit comes upon select individuals to empower them to exercise God's work -- and to know God intimately. True, not all individuals who have the Spirit seem to know God very well -- Sampson comes to mind. Yet the potential to know God deeply and joyfully past means of the Holy Spirit is certainly present in the Old Attestation era.
Were the Quondam Attestation Believers Indwelt by the Spirit?
This raises some questions that we struggle to answer. For example, how could people even believe without the Holy Spirit helping them? Some theologians have even gone and then far every bit to propose that the Holy Spirit indwelt all Old Attestation believers and they were born again or regenerated.[5] It's clear to me, nonetheless, that the New Nascency of the Spirit had non been experienced past devout people in the Old Covenant, people like Nicodemus, even though I have no doubt that the Spirit aided and helped Old Attestation believers as they sought after God.
Some men and women -- especially prophets, kings and certain priests -- did have the Spirit upon them (and presumably in them) equally they led the nation. God is with his Covenant People. Thus the Holy Spirit influences all who are part of the Quondam Covenant. Information technology'southward something similar Jesus' statement to his disciples nigh the Spirit (that we'll study in greater detail in Lesson three):
"... You know him, for he lives with yous and will exist in you lot." (John 14:17)
The Spirit who is "within" Jesus is "with" the disciples while Jesus is on earth. But the Spirit comes to dwell "in" them when Jesus asks the Male parent to send the Spirit after Jesus' fourth dimension on earth is ended.
The Israelites certainly experience blessings from God. Paul writes:
"Theirs is the adoption equally sons; theirs the divine glory, the covenants, the receiving of the police, the temple worship and the promises. Theirs are the patriarchs, and from them is traced the human ancestry of Christ, who is God over all, forever praised! Amen." (Romans 9:4-v)
The Spirit is "with" Israel in his Presence among them (as indicated past the Holy of Holies in the Tabernacle and the ark, signified past the colonnade of cloud past day and the pillar of burn down by nighttime) and upon the Spirit-filled leaders. Simply the Spirit is not "in" all the people every bit individuals. That doesn't happen until Pentecost at the get-go of the New Covenant (Exodus 33:14-15).[6]
Though all One-time Attestation believers can "know" God in some sense (Hosea 6:3, ESV), merely those few blessed with having the Spirit come upon them tin "know" him more intimately and hear his vocalization (1 Samuel 3:7). The time when all Israel will "know the Lord" directly volition wait until the New Covenant (Jeremiah 31:34).
The Spirit upon the Messiah
Before we get out the Quondam Testament it is important to note several prophecies of a new era of the Holy Spirit. The get-go of these is a prophecy that the Holy Spirit will come upon the promised Messiah, the descendant of David.
" ane A shoot will come up from the stump of Jesse;
from his roots a Branch volition bear fruit.
2The Spirit of the LORD volition remainder on him --
the Spirit of wisdom and of agreement,
the Spirit of counsel and of power,
the Spirit of knowledge
and of the fear of the LORD." (Isaiah xi:one-2)
Isaiah also says that Yahweh will put his Spirit upon the Suffering Servant, who turns out to be Jesus (Isaiah 53):
"Here is my retainer, whom I uphold,
my chosen one in whom I delight;
I will put my Spirit on him
and he will bring justice to the nations." (Isaiah 42:1)
Jesus reads from a third prophecy of Isaiah that refers to the Anointed Messiah.
"i The Spirit of the Lord GOD is upon me,
considering the LORD has all-powerful me
to bring good news to the poor;
he has sent me to bind up the brokenhearted,
to proclaim liberty to the captives,
and the opening of the prison to those who are bound;
two to proclaim the year of the LORD's favor,
and the day of vengeance of our God;
to condolement all who mourn." (Isaiah 61:i-2, ESV)
Jesus sees himself equally the fulfillment of this prophecy (Luke four:21). We'll render to this prophecy when we consider the Spirit on Jesus in Lesson 2.
Q3. (Isaiah 11:one-2; 42:ane; 61:one-2) What promises does God brand through Isaiah the prophet concerning the Holy Spirit and the Messiah? How were these fulfilled?
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The Spirit upon All Believers (Joel 2:28-32)
A second sort of prophecy nearly the Spirit's futurity ministry comes from the prophet Joel, and is cited by Peter as being fulfilled on the Day of Pentecost (Acts two:16-21).
" 28 And afterwards, I volition cascade out my Spirit on all people.
Your sons and daughters will prophesy,
your old men will dream dreams,
your young men will run across visions.
29 Fifty-fifty on my servants, both men and women,
I volition cascade out my Spirit in those days....
32 And everyone who calls on the name of the LORD will be saved...."
(Joel 2:28-29, 32a)
We'll revisit this passage when we study the Baptism of the Holy Spirit in Lesson vi.
More than of these promises of the Spirit upon God's people come in Ezekiel, some clustered around Ezekiel's famous vision of the Valley of Dry Bones that God brings to life:
"26 And I will give you a new heart, and a new spirit I will put within you. And I will remove the heart of rock from your flesh and requite you a heart of mankind. 27 And I will put my Spirit within you, and cause you to walk in my statutes and be careful to obey my rules." (Ezekiel 36:25-27; cf. 11:19)
"And I volition put my Spirit within yous, and you shall live, and I will place yous in your own land. So you shall know that I am the LORD; I have spoken, and I will practice it, declares the LORD." (Ezekiel 37:fourteen)
"And I volition not hide my confront anymore from them, when I pour out my Spirit upon the house of Israel, declares the Lord GOD." (Ezekiel 39:29)
These prophecies indicate to a futurity time: the New Covenant.
Q4. (Joel two:28-32; Ezekiel 36:26-27; 37:14; 39:29) What promises do we find in Joel and Ezekiel concerning the Holy Spirit? Who are the recipients of these promises?
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Lessons for Disciples
There are a groovy many lessons that ane might excerpt from what we've looked at and so far. But I desire us to concentrate on just a few:
- In the One-time Testament, the Spirit came upon only a relatively few individuals to empower them for a item job.
- In the Old Attestation it seems that only people upon whom the Spirit rests are able to form deep, meaningful relationship with God and to really get to know him.
- There are hints in Quondam Attestation prophecies that, in the terminal days, the Spirit volition come upon the Messiah to empower him -- and ultimately upon all people who are called by God.
Growth Assignment (Week 1) -- Quiet Time
I desire to conclude with a question: How well do y'all actually know God? What's your relationship like? Different nearly anybody in the Old Attestation, yous've presumably had the Holy Spirit in you since y'all were saved. How has this affected your life? Have you really taken advantage of the opportunity to know God? Or are y'all satisfied with where you are?
Ii passages come to mind. The first is from the Apostle Paul, who wasn't at all satisfied with his present state of knowing God. He knows a lot almost God, but he wants to know God even more deeply, personally, intimately, and fully.
"seven Just whatsoever was to my profit I at present consider loss for the sake of Christ. 8 What is more than, I consider everything a loss compared to the surpassing greatness of knowing Christ Jesus my Lord, for whose sake I accept lost all things. I consider them rubbish, that I may gain Christ ix and be institute in him, non having a righteousness of my own that comes from the constabulary, but that which is through organized religion in Christ -- the righteousness that comes from God and is past organized religion. ten I want to know Christ and the power of his resurrection and the fellowship of sharing in his sufferings, condign similar him in his expiry, 11 and so, somehow, to achieve to the resurrection from the dead." (Philippians iii:7-11)
The second passage is an exhortation from the Prophet Hosea:
"Come, let us return to the LORD;
for he has torn us, that he may heal us;
he has struck us downward, and he volition bind u.s.a. up....
Let us know; let us press on to know the LORD;
his going out is sure equally the dawn;
he will come to us every bit the showers,
as the spring rains that water the earth." (Hosea 6:1, 3, ESV)
The NIV translation of verse three translates the word "know" as "admit." Sure, it's a possible translation, but it misses the passion of the passage. The meaning here is, "to know relationally, to know intimately." The prophet is calling the people to render to the Lord, to revival, to knowing God intimately. The event volition be the gentle showers of heaven upon our souls.
And and so I conclude this lesson with this challenge for you. "Printing in to know the Lord" equally we are studying the Holy Spirit. Seek him diligently; draw near to him. Place yourself earlier him in give up.
I encourage y'all over the eleven weeks we are studying the Holy Spirit to increase the duration of your Repose Fourth dimension -- to cede other things then yous can maybe double the time you spend with the Lord. Then spend time earlier him in worship and prayer. Sing some hymns and praise choruses so your heart can open up to him. Confess to him your struggles, surrender to him the obstacles that have blocked yous in the past. Talk to him about what'due south going on in your life. Don't be afraid to be before him in silence. And open your heart to the Scriptures. Perhaps spend some days or meals fasting in order to apprehensive yourself. As y'all'll see through this study, I feel that having a regular Placidity Time is one of the essential keys of growing in the Spirit!
I'd as well like you to secure a simple notebook or periodical in which you can record your thoughts, or things God might be showing y'all as you open upwardly your life anew earlier him. Writing things downward helps united states of america sympathise them more than clearly -- and remember them when we read later on what God has been doing in our life. (You'll exist using your notebook each week, and so if you don't have i, get one now.)
As you lot do these things with a total centre, the log-jams will brainstorm to articulate, and you lot volition find that your human relationship with God is growing deeper, richer, and more intimate.
You accept received the Holy Spirit for just a purpose as this -- so you, (insert your name) tin know God. The Westminster Shorter Catechism (1647) begins:
Question: What is the chief end of man?
Answer: To glorify God and savor Him forever.
Through the Holy Spirit, may you move closer over these eleven weeks, that you might notice delight in His presence.
Prayer
Father, we take had your Spirit for a long time -- perhaps decades. But sadly nosotros sometimes feel far from you. I pray that you'll assistance the states to press in to know you. Aid us -- assistance me, O Holy Spirit. In Jesus' name, we pray. Amen.
Key Verses
"In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. Now the earth was formless and empty, darkness was over the surface of the deep, and the Spirit of God was hovering over the waters." (Genesis 1:1-two, NIV)
"So Samuel took the horn of oil and all-powerful him in the presence of his brothers, and from that day on the Spirit of the LORD came upon David in power...." (1 Samuel 16:13, NIV)
"Do non cast me from your presence
or have your Holy Spirit from me." (Psalm 51:eleven, NIV)
"The LORD would speak to Moses face up to face up, as a human speaks with his friend." (Exodus 33:11a, NIV)
"Then the LORD came down in the cloud and spoke with him, and he took of the Spirit that was on him and put [the Spirit] on the 70 elders. When the Spirit rested on them, they prophesied, only they did not do and then again." (Numbers 11:25, NIV)
"A shoot will come upward from the stump of Jesse;
from his roots a Co-operative will bear fruit.
The Spirit of the LORD volition rest on him --
the Spirit of wisdom and of agreement,
the Spirit of counsel and of power,
the Spirit of knowledge
and of the fearfulness of the LORD." (Isaiah 11:1-2, NIV)
"The Spirit of the Lord GOD is upon me,
considering the LORD has anointed me
to bring good news to the poor;
he has sent me to bind upwardly the crestfallen,
to proclaim liberty to the captives,
and the opening of the prison to those who are leap;
to proclaim the year of the LORD's favor,
and the 24-hour interval of vengeance of our God;
to comfort all who mourn." (Isaiah 61:i-2, ESV)
"And later on, I will pour out my Spirit on all people.
Your sons and daughters will prophesy,
your old men will dream dreams,
your immature men will see visions.
Even on my servants, both men and women,
I volition cascade out my Spirit in those days.
I will bear witness wonders in the heavens and on the world,
blood and fire and billows of fume.
The sun will be turned to darkness and the moon to blood
before the coming of the great and dreadful solar day of the LORD.
And anybody who calls on the name of the LORD volition be saved...."
(Joel 2:28-32a, NIV)
"And I volition give you a new center, and a new spirit I will put within you lot. And I will remove the heart of stone from your flesh and requite you a heart of flesh. And I will put my Spirit within you, and cause you lot to walk in my statutes and be conscientious to obey my rules." (Ezekiel 36:25-27, NIV)
Notes
[2] "Hovering" (NIV), "swept" (NRSV, cf. NJB), "fluttering" (ESV), "moved" (KJV, NASB) is rāḥap, "hover," also in Deuteronomy 32:eleven, "like an eagle that stirs upwards its nest and hovers over its young, that spreads its wings to catch them and carries them on its pinions" (Deuteronomy 32:11). It may also connote the ideas of to "motion gently, cherish, brood" (BDB, p. 934; TWOT #2149, II).
[3] In Numbers xi:17, the NIV (2011 edition) incorrectly paraphrases the "power of the Spirit" instead of but "the Spirit" equally the Hebrew text indicates, thus differing from most other English translations. I believe it is of import to distinguish the Person of the Spirit from his power.
[iv] In Numbers 11:17, the NIV (2011 edition) incorrectly paraphrases the "power of the Spirit" instead of just "the Spirit" as the Hebrew text indicates, thus differing from most other English translations. I believe it is important to distinguish the Person of the Spirit from his power.
[5] John Piper says, "The Erstwhile Attestation believers experienced the new birth and indwelling of the Holy Spirit." He comes to this decision on the basis of logical deduction, not clear Scriptural teaching. He says, "Any Israelite who has ever been saved had to be born again by God's Spirit. Otherwise how would they ever overcome their natural hostility to God?" I call up he extrapolates beyond what the Scripture actually teaches (John Piper, "How Believers Experienced the Spirit earlier Pentecost," February 19, 1984, https://www.desiringgod.org/letters/how-believers-experienced-the-spirit-before-pentecost). R.C. Sproul likewise sees Old Attestation saints every bit "regenerated," and cites Deuteronomy 30:half dozen. Even so, Sproul differentiates regeneration from the filling or indwelling of the Holy Spirit, as does James Chiliad. Hamilton, Jr., God'south Indwelling Presence: The Holy Spirit in the Old and New Testaments (B&H Publishing, 2006).
[6] See Hamilton, God's Indwelling Presence.
Copyright © 2022, Ralph F. Wilson. <pastor
Source: http://www.jesuswalk.com/spirit/01_spirit_ot.htm
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